Ibisobanuro vy'ibicuruzwa
Uburyo bwo gufata gazi kavukire (buzwi kandi nk’igice co gufata gazi kavukire CO2) ni ibikoresho vyinshi bifatanya ivy’imbere y’ugusukura, gufata CO2, gusukura, no gusubiza/kubika CO2.
Ingingo yayo nyamukuru irahindagurika hakurikijwe inzira y’ubuhinga: gufata ibintu mu buryo bw’imiti bikoresha ibintu bishingiye kuri amine- (nk’akarorero, MDEA, DEA) kugira ngo bifatanye na CO2; gufata umubiri bishingiye ku bikoresho bifise ubushuhe buke- (nk’akarorero, Selexol) kugira ngo CO2 ifungure; gutandukanya ivyuma bikoresha ivyuma bidasanzwe vy’ivyuma kugira ngo bihitemwo CO2.
Ishobora kugabanya CO2 iri muri gazi kavukire gushika munsi ya 2% (canke mbere ikaba iri munsi canke ingana na 0,1% ku gazi kavukire y’ubusuku bwinshi-) no gufata CO2 n’ubusuku burenze canke bungana na 95%, ari co kimenyamenya nyamukuru co kugabanya ikoreshwa ryiza rya gazi kavukire n’ugusohora umuyagankuba.
Ingingo ngenderwako
Inzira y'ibikorwa vy'Igikoresho co Gufata Carbon Kavukire (gufata inzira nyamukuru "gutera imbere + gufata imiti ishingiye kuri amine-+ gusukura CO2" nk'akarorero) ishobora gusobanurwa mu ncamake nk'intambwe zitandatu z'ingenzi: gutera imbere gaze kavukire → gufata CO2 → gusukura CO→ gusukura CO2 → gusukura CO2 ububiko/ugukoresha → gazi kavukire isukuye isohoka
Gusukura gazi kamere:CO2-irimwo gazi kavukire (gazi y’ibitoke canke gazi y’umwotsi) ibanza kwinjira mu ngoma y’ugukubita n’iyunguruzo kugira ngo ikuremwo amatonyanga y’amazi (amazi, ivyuma vy’amazi) n’ibintu bikomeye (inkungugu, ubuhumane) bifise ubunini bw’ibintu Birenze canke bingana na 10 μm. Ku gazi kamere ifise ikibiriti kinini (H2S Irengeye canke ingana na 50 ppm), hashirwako igikoresho co gukuraho ikibiriti (nk’akarorero, gufata carbone ikora) kugira ngo hakurweho H2S-bikirinda gusenyuka kw’ibinyobwa n’ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho bitewe n’ibirungo vy’ikibiriti.
Ugufata CO2:Gazi kavukire yateguwe imbere y’igihe itemba ija hejuru ivuye hasi mu munara w’ugufata, mu gihe ikintu gikoreshwa n’amazi gifise 30-50% amine- (nk’akarorero, MDEA, gikoresha inguvu nke kugira ngo gisubire gusubirana) gifumbishwa kija hasi kivuye hejuru. Mu gitanda c’ibipapuro (cuzuye ibipapuro vy’imiterere), gazi n’amazi birashika ku gukorana bimwe bishitse: CO2 bikorana n’umunyuro w’amine (nk’akarorero, CO2 + 2R2NH → R2NCOO− + R2NH2+) kugira ngo bibe carbamate idahinduka ihinduka carbamate, ari yo CO2 itandukanywa na gaze kavukire.
Gusubirana kw'ibisubizo:Ico gikoresho gifise CO2-ubutunzi (rich amine) gikorakoranywa hasi ku munara w’ugufata amazi gipompa kija mu munara wo gusubirana. Iyo hari ubushuhe bwinshi (degre 110-130 ) n’umuvuduko muto (0,15-0,2 MPaG), iyo carbamate irabora, ikarekura CO2. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bikonjeshwa gushika ku bipimo 40-50 biciye ku gikoresho co guhindura ubushuhe hanyuma bikagaruka mu munara w’ugufata, n’igipimo co gusubira gukoresha ivyo bihimba kirenze canke kingana na 99%.
Gusukura CO2:Gazi ya CO2 idasanzwe isohoka hejuru y’umunara wo gusubiza ubuzima bushasha irimwo umwotsi w’amine n’amazi. Ibanza guca mu gikoresho co gukonjesha kugira ngo amazi akonje kandi atandukanye, hanyuma yinjira mu munara wo gufata carbone ikoreshwa kugira ngo ikureho amine isigaye-amaherezo ikaronka CO2 ifise ubusuku burenze canke bungana na 95%. Ku bihe bisaba CO2 y’ubusuku bwinshi- (nk’akarorero, ibiribwa-grade), hashirwako igikoresho co gusukura amazi mu mazi kugira ngo ubusuku bube burengeye canke bungana na 99,9%.
Ububiko/ugukoresha CO2:CO2 yasukuwe irapfunyikwa gushika ku 15-20 MPa (kugira ngo ibikwe mu butaka) canke 2-3 MPa (kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu nganda) biciye ku gikoresho gipfunyirizwa. Ishobora guterwa mu bibanza vy’amavuta kugira ngo ishobore gusubirana amavuta (EOR), ikoreshwa nk’ikintu nyamukuru mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa shimi (nk’uguhingura urea, methanol), canke igabikwa mu binogo vy’amazi vy’umunyu biri munsi y’ubutaka kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gufata carbone.
Isohoka rya gazi kavukire isukuye:CO2-ikuraho gazi kavukire isohoka hejuru y’umunara wo gufata, ica mu gikoresho co gukuraho igihu kugira ngo ikureho amatonyanga y’ibinyabuzima (amine isigaye iri munsi canke ingana na 5 ppm), hanyuma ijanwa mu mirongo y’amazi (ihuye n’ubushobozi bwa GB 17820 buja hasi y’umugezi, gazi kavukire y’igisagara) gutanga gaze).
Ibirango nyamukuru vy'uburyo bwo gufata gazi kavukire
Gufata neza cane
Mu gihe c’imiterere isanzwe, ubushobozi bwo gufata CO2 burarengeye canke bungana na 90%; n’ugufata inzira nyinshi- canke umuti w’ubushobozi bwinshi-, ushobora gushika ku 99%, ugabanura CO2 iri muri gaze kavukire kuva kuri 10-30% gushika munsi ya 2%.
Gukoreshwa cane
Ishobora gukorana n’imigende ya gazi kavukire ifise CO2 kuva kuri 1% gushika kuri 50%, kandi ikamenya ubwoko butandukanye bwa gazi kavukire (gazi kavukire idasanzwe, gazi y’umwotsi, gazi y’imiti-) mu guhindura ibinyabuzima/ibinyabuzima.
Gukoresha inguvu nke
Ku mirongo ishingiye ku amine-, inguvu zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu gusubirana kw’ibinyabuzima ni 2.5-3.5 GJ kuri toni ya CO2 ifashwe (ziri munsi y’ibinyabuzima vya kera vya DEA na 20-30%); ku bijanye n’uburyo bwo gufata ivyuma, ugukoresha inguvu birashobora kurushiriza kugabanywa bikagera kuri 1,8-2,2 GJ kuri toni ya CO2.
Ibikorwa bihamye
Ikoreshwa n’uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora (ibikoresho vyo gupima CO2 ku rubuga rwa interineti, ibikoresho vyo kugenzura ivyiyumviro vy’ibinyabuzima, ibikoresho vyo kugenzura ubushuhe/umuvuduko) kugira ngo bigenzure ibipimo nyamukuru mu gihe nyaco. Iyo CO2 yinjira mu mubiri ihinduka (±20%), iyo sisitemu irahindura urugero rw’uruja n’uruza rw’amazi mu minota 20-30 kugira ngo ikomeze gufata neza.
Uguhangana n'ubumara
Ibice nyamukuru (umunara wo gufata amazi, umunara wo gusubiza ubuzima, imiyoboro) bikozwe mu bikoresho bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka-sol-FRP (fiberglass-ipulasitike ikomeye) ku bikoresho vy’umuvuduko muto, 316L icuma kidashobora gusenyuka ku bikoresho vy’umuvuduko mutoyi gusenyuka.
Inyungu z'ibicuruzwa vy'ishirahamwe ryacu
Mu bijanye n’intumbero z’ukutagira aho zigarukira kw’isi yose n’ingingo ngenderwako zikomeye z’uburyo bwa gazi kavukire, uguhingura neza ni umushinge wo gutuma habaho ugufata neza n’ugukoresha inguvu nke. Sosiyete yacu ifise umugwi w’abahinga b’abahinga bafise ubumenyi burenga imyaka 25 mu gutandukanya gazi no gufata umuyagankuba, bamenyereye ingingo ngenderwako zo mu gihugu no mu mahanga nka GB 150 (ibikoresho bikoresha umuyagankuba), API 581 (ugucungera uburozi), ISO 14064 (uguharura umuyagankuba), n’uburyo bwa EPA 315 (CO2). Turatanga umugambi ushingiye ku mico ya gazi y’abaguzi (uburemere bwa CO2, ibirimwo H2S, igitigiri c’amazi), umuvuduko wo gukoresha, n’ibisabwa vyo gufata: ku mirongo y’amazi y’ibimera, dukora neza uburyo bw’amazi y’amazi kugira ngo twirinde gufata amazi y’amazi yoroshe co-; ku bijanye n’imirongo y’umuyagankuba, twongerako igice co gukuraho amazi kugira ngo NO1 ntikoreshe n’ibinyabuzima. Turaheba "ubunini bumwe--bubereye-bose" ibigereranyo maze tugakora ivyigwa vy'ido n'ido vy'uguhindura abantu benshi/ugukoresha inguvu (biciye muri Aspen Plus) ku mugambi wose kugira ngo tubone ko ukora neza.
Ishirahamwe ryacu rishira mu ngiro ata gufyina uburyo bwo gucunga uburyo bwo gukora ISO9001 mu kiringo cose c’ubuzima bw’umugambi, rikaba ryerekeye uguhingura, ugutanga, uguhingura, n’ugushira mu ngiro. Mu gihe c’igice c’uguhingura, abahinga bakuru barakora isuzuma ry’ibishushanyo n’imirongo y’imigenderanire kugira ngo bakuremwo amakosa yo guhingura; ku bihimba nyamukuru (ugupakira umunara w’ugufata amazi, ibikoresho vy’amazi, ibikoresho vyo gupima CO2), duhitamwo ibintu biva mu bimenyetso bizwi cane (nk’akarorero, gupfunyika Sulzer, ibikoresho vyo gupima amazi vya BASF MDEA, ibikoresho vyo gupima Emerson) maze tugakora isuzuma ry’ibintu biza bihuye n’ubuhinga bwo gupakira amazi (nk’akarorero, gupima ibikoresho). Mu gihe c’uguhingura, iminara y’ugufata/gusubirana irageragezwa kutagira -ugusambura (UT ku bihimba vy’ivyuma, RT ku bice vy’inkuta zikomeye-) n’igerageza ry’umuvuduko w’amazi (incuro 1,25 z’umuvuduko w’imiterere) kugira ngo bimenyekane ko bipfutse kandi bikomeye. Imbere y’uko iyo sisitemu ishikirizwa, iragerageza amasaha 100{14}}ikora ubudasiba-igenzura ubushobozi bwo gufata CO2, ikoreshwa ry’ibinyobwa, n’ikoreshwa ry’inguvu-kugira ngo bimenyekane ko ibimenyetso vyose bihuye n’ibisabwa mu guhingura.
Turabona uburyo bw'ibicuruzwa nk'umurongo w'ubuzima bw'ishirahamwe kandi twiyemeje gutanga ibikoresho "zero-fault". Buri sisitemu iraca mu rwego rwinshi-rw’ukugenzura uburyo: iminara y’ugufata/gusubirana igira ubuzima bw’imiterere burengeye canke bungana n’imyaka 20, kandi igipfukisho gishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka (ku minara ya FRP) gifise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umunyu burengeye canke bungana n’amasaha 1500; uburyo bwo gusubiza ubuzima bushasha bufise igikoresho co gusubiza ubushuhe (ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe Burengeye canke bungana n’ibice 90%) kugira ngo bigabanye ugusesagura inguvu; igihe c’ubuhinga hagati y’ibihe vy’ugutsindwa (MTBF) kirenze amasaha 10.000. Turatanga inyandiko z’icemezo c’uburyo zishitse, harimwo ivyemezo vy’ibikoresho, raporo z’igerageza zidashobora gusenyura, na raporo z’igerageza ry’ubushobozi, kandi tukamenya neza ko igipimo c’ubushobozi bw’ibicuruzwa c’uruganda ari 100%.
Inyuma- y'ugucuruza neza ni urufunguruzo rwo kumenya ko sisitemu ikomeza gukora. Iyo twakiriye ubusabe bw’abaguzi, ikigo cacu c’abahinga kiratanga inyishu y’intango mu masaha 12 (24/7) biciye kuri telefone, kuri email, canke ku nama y’amasanamu-harimwo no gupima ingorane (nk’akarorero, ubushobozi buke bwo gufata ibintu bitewe n’ugusenyuka kw’ibinyabuzima) n’imiti y’intango. Ku bibazo bishobora gutorwa umuti kure (nk’akarorero, guhindura amaparametere, gupima ivyiyumviro vy’ibinyobwa), turayobora abakiriya kugira ngo barangize gutorera umuti ingorane mu masaha 24; ku bikenewe vyo gusanasana ku kibanza (nk’akarorero, gusubirira ibipapuro, gusukura ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe), twohereza abahinga mu masaha 48 (yo mu gihugu) canke amasaha 72 (yo hanze) tumaze kwemeza ivyo bisabwa. Turatanga kandi ibikorwa vyo kwirinda gukingira (nk’akarorero, gusuzuma ibikoresho biva mu mazi buri mwaka, gusuzuma ko bishobora gusenyuka) n’ugutanga ibikoresho vy’inyuma kugira ngo ibikoresho bigabanye igihe co guhagarara.
Uburyo bwacu bwo gufata gazi kavukire bwemewe cane n’ibigo bihambaye mu bijanye n’inguvu, ubushobozi, n’ubuhinga bw’imiti kubera ko bwizigirwa cane kandi bukora neza. Abaguzi basanzwe ni: gukuraho umuyagankuba mu ruganda rutunganya gazi kavukire, gufata CO2 mu ruganda rwo gutunganya gazi kavukire-, gutandukanya gazi kavukire yo mu kiyaga CO2, n’imigambi yo gusubiza CO2 mu nganda.
Sosiyete yacu itanga uburyo bwo gukorana kugira ngo ishobore gushitsa ivyo abakiriya bakeneye:
● Gutanga umugambi w’urufunguzo: Gutanga ibikorwa bihurikiye hamwe kuva ku guhingura, gukora, gushiramwo gushika ku gutanga, no gutanga uburyo bwiteguye-ku-gukoresha;
● Ugurisha ibikoresho: Gugurisha ibihimba nyamukuru (umunara wo gufata amazi, umunara wo gusubiza ubuzima, ipompo yo gukoresha amazi) bitandukanye ku bakiriya bafise ubushobozi bwo kwishiramwo -;
● Ibikorwa vyo gukoresha no gucungera: Gukora igihe kirekire-ugukoresha no gucungera ubuhinga, kwishura bishingiye ku kiringo c’ibikorwa canke ubushobozi bwo gufata CO2;
● Ibikorwa vyo gufata umuyagankuba: Gushiramwo amahera no gukoresha iyo sisitemu, kwishura bivanye n’ingero ya CO2 ifatwa, bikagabanya umukazo w’abaguzi wo gushiramwo amahera mu ntango.
Imisoro ishushe: gazi kavukire carbone gufata, Ubushinwa gazi kavukire carbone gufata abahinguzi, abagurisha, uruganda