Ikoranabuhanga

Igikoresho co gutandukanya umuyaga (O₂, N₂, Ar n’imiyaga idasanzwe)

Igikoresho co gutandukanya umuyaga (ASP) gitandukanya umuyaga wo mu kirere mu bihimba vyawo nyamukuru, cane cane azote n’umwuka w’ikirere, rimwe na rimwe na ho kigatandukanya argon n’ibindi bidukikije bidakora cane.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutandukanya umuyaga ni ugusesa umuyaga mu bushuhe buke-. Ubwo buryo bukoreshwa mu gutandukanya umwuka w’ikirere, azote, na argon mu bikorwa bifitaniye isano n’ivyo. Kandi amasoko yonyene ashobora gukoreshwa y’ivyo bidukikije bidasanzwe, nka neon, krypton na xenon, ava mu gusenyura umuyaga biciye ku nkingi zibiri z’ugusenyura.

Igikoresho co gutandukanya umuyaga (ASP) ni co gikoresho gikora neza kandi gikomeye kuruta ibindi vyose mu bijanye n’imyuka y’inganda, gishobora gutanga imyuka myinshi y’inganda, cane cane ibikoresho vyo gutandukanya umuyaga w’amazi, bishobora gukoreshwa bitagoranye, gutwarwa no kubikwa.

Ugushikiriza ibicuruzwa vya ASP

Igizwe na ASP

Mu bikorwa vy’uguhingura amoniya, gazi y’iyidrojeni y’agaciro ikomoka kuri CH4. H2 iraheza ifatanya na N2 kugira ngo ikore NH3 (amoniya). Hariho uruvange rw’imiyaga CH4, H2, na N2 mu gihe c’uguhingura. Dukoresha uburyo bwo kwagura azote mu gukonjesha kugira ngo CH4 ihinduke amazi maze tuyitandukanye n’umuyagankuba w’ivyuma. Turashobora kandi gukoresha ibice vy’ugufata amazi kugira ngo dutandukanye H2 na N2. Kugira ngo zishobore gusubira inyuma kugira ngo zisubire gukora amoniya.

Urutonde rwa Psa/vpsa:

Uruganda rwa PSA/VPSA rugizwe ahanini n’ibikoresho vy’ugufata amazi birimwo ibikoresho vy’ugufata amazi, ingoma z’umurizo, amavalve afise amatiyo ahuza, amavalve y’ugucungera n’ibikoresho hamwe n’uburyo bwo kugenzura igikoresho.

Intambwe zo gushitsa PSA/VPSA:

1.PSA/VPSA GUTANGA UMWUKA W'IKIMENYETSO

Ivyo bikoresho birimwo ahanini umuyagankuba (blower), pompe y’ubusa, ibikoresho bifata umwuka, ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba vyatoranijwe cane, amavalve, uburyo bwo kugenzura, igikoresho co gupima umwuka w’ikirere ku rubuga rwa interineti be n’umuyagankuba w’umwuka.

• Ubusuku bw’umwuka w’ikintu bushobora gushika ku 94%.

VPSA ni uburyo bwo gufata umuvuduko munini cane no gukuraho ubusa n’ivyiza vy’ugukoresha inguvu nke n’ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gusesa amamolekule. Hagati aho, ishoramari ryose riri hasi cane kuruta PSA canke iyindi nzira. Kubera ko ikora neza, ni yo nzira ihambaye kandi ya mbere-ikunda muri iki gihe.

PSA/VPSA IBITERWA bitanga umwuka w'ikirere

2.PSA GUTANGA AZOTE Y'IBITERWA

Ugutandukanya azote n’umwuka w’ikirere bifata ikibanza mu gitereko c’amazi cuzuye igisemburo c’amamolekule y’umuyagankuba. Ivyo bishingiye ku kuba amamoleke y’umwuka w’ikirere ashobora gukwiragira vyihuta cane mu mibumbe y’ibihengeri vy’igice c’umubiri c’umuyagankuba kuruta uko amamoleke y’azote akwiragizwa.

• Ubusuku bw’azote y’ibicuruzwa bushobora kuba 97-99,9999%.

Uburyo bwo guhingura azote bwa PSA

3.PSA/VPSA GUSUBIZA AMAZI NO KUYUSUZA

PSA/VPSA PLANT gusubizaho n'ugusukura ivyuma vy'amazi

4.PSA/VPSA GAZI Y'AMAKARA, GUSUKUZA GAZI KAME

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa: Gazi kavukire, gazi y’ifuru ya coke, amakara-bed methane, gazi y’amabuye y’agaciro, gazi ya metane, gazi y’amazi, gazi y’ifuru, gazi y’amakara, amavuta na gazi

• Ubushobozi: 100 ~ 50.000 Nm3/isaha
• Umuvuduko: Umuvuduko usanzwe ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Ubusuku bw’igicuruzwa: H2 Irengeye canke ingana na 99.999 % (V)
• Urutonde rw'umuzigo: 10 ~ 120 %

PSA/VPSA GAZI Y'AMAKARA, GUSUKUZA GAZI KAMERE

5.(V)GUKURAMWO CO2 ya PSA

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa: Gazi ihindura, gazi y’ugukora, carbure ya calcium, gazi y’ifuru y’ivu, gazi y’ibitoke, gazi y’umuriro, gazi y’umurizo w’amazi irimwo CO2.

• Ubushobozi: 200 ~ 200.000 Nm3/isaha
• Umuvuduko: Umuvuduko usanzwe ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Ubusuku bw'igicuruzwa: CO2 Iri munsi canke ingana na 0.1 % (V)
• Urutonde rw'umuzigo: 10 ~ 120 %

PSA CO2 GUKURAMWO

6.GUTANDUKANA KW'IGIHUGU

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

• Ibikoresho bikoreshwa: Ukwumisha umuyaga, guhingura N2, gutandukanya H2 hamwe n'imiyaga y'inganda
• Ubushobozi: 5 ~ 3.000 Nm3/isaha
• Umuvuduko: Umuvuduko usanzwe ~ 12.0 MpaG
• Ubusuku bw'ibicuruzwa: gushika kuri 99.999 % (V)

Gutandukanya gazi hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa Membrane

Ubushuhe buhinduka ni ubuhinga bwo gutandukanya bushingiye ku bushobozi bwo gufata butandukanye bw’ibifata gazi ku bihimba vy’umuyagankuba ku bushuhe butandukanye. Ingingo ngenderwako ni ugukoresha ibikoresho bifata amazi kugira ngo bifate ibihimba vy’umuyagankuba bigenewe ku bushuhe buke, no kubora no gufata ibihimba vy’umuyagankuba biciye mu gushusha canke gusubirana gazi ifuha ku bushuhe bwinshi, gutyo bishike ku gusubirana no gusubira gukoresha ibikoresho bifata amazi.

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

Ivyo gukoresha: Kwumisha canke gusukura gazi kavukire, gazi y’ubuhinga, gazi y’azote, n’ikirere

• Ubushobozi: 200 ~ 200.000 Nm3/isaha
• Umuvuduko: Umuvuduko usanzwe ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Ubusuku bw’igicuruzwa: Ikime kiri hasi cane nka -70℃, Igitigiri c’ikibiriti Kiri munsi canke kingana na 0.01g/m3.
• Urutonde rw'umuzigo: 10 ~ 120 %

H2 Igikoresho co guhingura (Ikoreshwa n'umuyagankuba, Guhindura Methane y'Umwotsi, Gusaduka Methanol )

1.UMWUKA GUHINDURA AMAZI (SMR)

UMUCO WA HIDOROKARIBONI (NG n'ibindi) UMWUKA UVUGURA AMAZI (SMR)

Umwotsi wa Metane Uhindura Ihydrogène– Igishushanyo ca 3D n'ugutemba imbere-uguhingura

2.METHANOL GUSASURA MU GUKORA HIDROgène

Ivyo bikoresha methanol n’amazi atagira umunyu nk’ibikoresho vya mbere. Ku 220-280℃, zihindurwa mu buryo bw’ivyuma zihinduka ivyuma nyamukuru vy’iyidrojeni n’ivy’umuyagankuba birimwo gazi y’uguhindura ku gikoresho c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ingingo ngenderwako ni iyi:

Inyishu nyamukuru: CH3OH H2 ; H2 KJ/mol

CO+H2OH2 KJ/mol

Inyishu muri rusangi: CH3OH+H2O

Ingaruka: 2CH3OH{2}}CH3OCH{4}}H2O; △H{6}} KJ/mol

CO{0}}H{1}}CH{2}}H2O; △H{4}}KJ/mol

Ivyo gazi ihinduwe ikomoka ku vyo twavuze haruguru inyuma yo gukonja no gukonja ni .

H2 73~74%

CO{0}}~24,5%

CO ~1.0%

CH3OH 300 ku rupapuro

H2O yuzuye

Gazi ihindutse irashobora gutandukanywa bitagoranye maze igakurwamwo ivyuma vy’amazi bitagira agasembwa hakoreshejwe ubuhinga nk’ugufata amazi bikoresheje umuvuduko w’amazi.

Ubu buhinga burakomeye, bworoshe gukoresha, burashikamye mu bikorwa, kandi ntibuhumanya-.

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa: Gazi kavukire, naphtha, LPG, gazi yumye y'isuku irimwo ibifungurwa vy'amazi

• Ubushobozi: 20 ~ 10.000 Nm3/isaha
• Umuvuduko: 0,5 ~ 3,0 MpaG
• Ubusuku bw'ibicuruzwa: H2 gushika kuri 99.999% (V)

Ibirango vy'ubuhinga bwa none:

1. Uwotsi wa methanol urasaduka ugahindurwa mu ntambwe imwe ku gikoresho kigenewe gutuma ibintu bigenda neza.

2. Mu gukoresha igikorwa co gutera umukazo, gazi ihinduwe ivugwa ntisaba ko yongerwa gutera umukazo kandi ishobora gutumwa ata guca ku ruhande ku gikoresho co gutandukanya umukazo, bikagabanya inguvu zikoreshwa.

3. Ugereranije n’ugukoresha umuyagankuba, umuyagankuba ukoreshwa waragabanutse n’ibice birenga 90%, igiciro co gukora gishobora kugabanywa n’ibice 40-50%, kandi ubusuku bw’ihydrogène burarengeye. Ugereranije n’uguhindura amakara ngo abe gaze, ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga biroroshe, biroroshe gukoresha kandi birashikamye. Naho uguhindura amakara ngo abe gaze bifise amahera makeyi y’ibikoresho vya mbere, birafise urugendo rurerure, ishoramari ryinshi, bihumanya cane, n’ibihumanya, bisaba gukuraho ikibiriti no gusukura, ivyo bikaba bidakwiye ibikorwa bitobito n’ibiciriye hagati.

4. Ivyuma bikora neza bifise ibiranga igikorwa kinini, guhitamwo neza, ubushuhe buke bwo gukora, n’ubuzima buramba.

5. Gukoresha amavuta y’ubushuhe nk’igikoresho co gutwara ubushuhe buzunguruka birahuye n’ibisabwa mu bijanye n’ubuhinga, bikaba bikoresha amahera make, bikoresha inguvu nke, kandi bikaba bigabanya amahera yo gukoresha.

3.AMAZI ELECTROLISE H2 GUSHIRAHO

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

Inguvu: Gushika kuri 3.0 MpaG ata n’inguvu

Ubusuku bw'ibicuruzwa: H2 gushika kuri 99,99% (V)

Inguvu zikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba: Ziri munsi canke zingana na 4,8 kWh/Nm3 H2.

Amazi y'umuyagankuba H2 Uruvyaro

4.IGICE C'IKIBAZO H2

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

• Ibikoresho bikoreshwa: Gazi kavukire, Nafuta; Amavuta y'ibitoro,Ibisigarira vy'ubusa, Coke ya peteroli, Amakara.
• Ubushobozi: 4.000-95.000 Nm³/h
• Umukazo: 2.0 - 8.7 MPa(G)
• Ubusuku bw'igicuruzwa: H₂+CO≈34% - 42%(V)(Niba ukoresha O isukuye₂nk'uko gazi y'ibifungurwa, H₂+CO≈90% - 98%)

Ingingo ngenderwako:

Ivyo bikoresho n’umuyaga vyabanje gushushwa birungikwa mu gikoresho gikora gaze. Kandi ivyifuzo vy’uguhinduka kw’ibice vy’umubiri bishika iyo ubushuhe bwinshi (nk’ibipimo 1300 - 1500 bipimo C) n’inguvu nyinshi (3-8 MPa), bikaba bituma ivyuma vy’amazi bifise umwuka w’ikirere bidashobora guturika neza mu gihe umwuka w’ikirere udahagije .

Inyishu nyamukuru: CnHm + (n/2) O2 → nCO + (m/2) H2

Inyungu z'ubuhinga:

1. Ishobora gukora ibikoresho bikomeye nka gaze kavukire n’amavuta make, hamwe n’ibikoresho bikomeye bitazimvye nk’amavuta aremereye, ibisigarira vy’ubusa, coke ya peteroli, mbere n’amakara.

2. Ico gisubizo ubwaco kirarekura ubushuhe kandi ntigisaba ubushuhe bwo hanze, ivyo bikaba bituma hakoreshwa neza cane inguvu.

3.Iyo gazi y’ugukora ivyimburwa ntikoreshwa gusa mu guhingura ihydrogène, ariko kandi irabereye cane nk’umuriro w’ibikoresho vya mbere mu bikorwa vy’imiti nk’uguhingura amoniya, uguhingura methanol, canke uguhingura Fischer Tropsch.

Gazi ifatanye n’ivyo mu bibanza vy’amavuta yerekeza kuri gazi kavukire ivuye mu bice vy’amazi bikomeye mu gihe c’ugukura amavuta, ikeneye gutunganirizwa inyuma yo gusohoka ku mutwe w’iriba. Gazi n’amavuta y’agaciro bifatanya navyo bikurwa hamwe kandi bisaba urutonde rw’ibintu bikoreshwa imbere y’uko bikoreshwa.

Ivyo bikorwa ahanini birimwo .

Mu ncamake, gazi ijana n’ivyo mu bibanza vy’amavuta, nk’ikintu c’inyongera co guhingura amavuta, ikeneye guca mu nzira nyinshi imbere y’uko ikoreshwa. Biciye mu gukura amazi mu mubiri no mu gukuraho ikibiriti, mu gutera umukazo, mu guhindura amazi, mu gusukura imiyoboro, no mu buhinga bwo gukoresha, gazi ijana n’ivyo mu bibanza vy’amavuta irashobora gukoreshwa cane mu gihe igabanura uguhumana kw’ibidukikije.

Ivyagezwe vy'ubuhinga:

• Ubushobozi: 200 ~ 200.000 Nm3/isaha
• Umuvuduko: Umuvuduko usanzwe ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Ubusuku bw’igicuruzwa: Ikime kiri hasi cane nka -70℃, Igitigiri c’ikibiriti Kiri munsi canke kingana na 0.01g/m3.
• Urutonde rw'umuzigo: 10 ~ 120 %

UBURYO BWO GUHINDURA GAZI AMAZI

Igishushanyo c'urubuga ku rugero runini

Ibikoresho vyo mu munara n'ivyo mu mutima

Amakompreseri asubirana

Ibifata amazi n'ibitera amazi

Ivyuma bigenzura bishobora gutegurwa

Ubwoko bwose bwa gazi, amazi n'ibidengeri vy'amazi

Amavuta na gazi

Amasezerano y’ubuhinga bwa peteroli na gazi akenshi akoresha uburyo bwa EPC (Engineering General Contracting), aho uwukora amasezerano ari we abazwa uguhingura, ugugura, kwubaka no gutanga umugambi gushika ushikirijwe nyen’uwo mugambi. Muri ubwo buryo, abakozi barakeneye kurangiza igikorwa cose kuva ku guhingura gushika ku gukoresha kugira ngo umugambi ugende neza. Ikindi, hariho uburyo bwo kwubaka bushingiye ku masoko y’imigambi (PC) n’ubuhinga bwo gutanga amasoko y’imigambi (EP), butoranywa hakurikijwe ivyo umugambi ukeneye n’ibiranga.

Ivyuma vy'imiti n'ivy'imiti myiza

Iyo sosiyete ikora mu bikorwa bitandukanye vy’ubuhinga bw’imiti n’ubuhinga bwiza mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gukora amasezerano, harimwo ubuhinga bwo gukora n’ugukoresha amoniya, methanol, urea, azote ya lime, thiourea, na carbone black.

Ibikoresho vyo gusukura amazi

Injeniyeri yo gusukura amazi ni igice gihambaye mu gusukura amazi mabi y’inganda, kandi intumbero nyamukuru yayo ni ugushika ku gusukura cane amazi mabi biciye mu buryo butandukanye bw’ubuhinga kugira ngo ashike ku ngingo ngenderwako zo gusohora canke gusubira gukoresha. Mu bikorwa vy’ukuri, uburyo bwo gusukura busanzwe burimwo gutanga imiti, guhindura umuyaga w’ikirere (ozone oxidation), gutuma amazi agira ubuzima, gutera amazi, n’ibindi, ivyo bikaba akenshi bihurizwa hamwe bishingiye ku kuntu amazi ateye n’ibiranga ibihumanya.