Uguhingura umutobe w'ivyamwa n'imboga
Mu guhingura umutobe w’ivyamwa n’imboga, ubuhinga bwa microfiltration n’ubuhinga bwa ultrafiltration burakoreshwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gusobanura neza; ubuhinga bwa nanfiltration n’ubuhinga bwa reverse osmosis ni vyo bikoreshwa mu gutuma umuntu yibanda ku kintu. Igihe umuntu asobanura umutobe akoresheje ubuhinga bwo gucungera umutobe, imigera irafatwa n’ico gipfukisho hamwe n’ibisigazwa vy’ico gicungera, ivyo bikaba bituma ata nkenerwa yo gushusha. Gukoresha ubuhinga bwa reverse osmosis kugira ngo umutobe w’ivyamwa n’imboga ushiremwo ibintu vyinshi, biratuma ibihimba vy’umutobe biguma bikomeye, bikagabanya umubare kugira ngo bishobore gutwara bitagoranye, bikakuramwo ibintu bidakenewe, kandi bikagira n’akamoto keza. Nk’akarorero, ibintu bimota neza biri mu mutobe w’ivyamwa n’imboga birazimangana hafi vyose mu gihe c’uguhinduka umwuka no mu gihe c’ugushiramwo umwuka, kandi iyo umuntu yumutse mu gihe c’ugukonja{3}}bigumana nk’ibice 8% gusa, mu gihe iyo umuntu akora reverse osmosis agumana 30-60%.
Ibisabwa mu nganda y'amata
Ubuhinga bwa Reverse osmosis n’ubuhinga bwa ultrafiltration bukoreshwa cane cane mu gusubizaho poroteyine y’umunyu w’ingurube no mu gutuma amata agira ivyiyumviro vyinshi. Ugereranije n’ubundi buryo, gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gutandukanya ibintu biva mu mata bigabanya inguvu zikoreshwa kandi bikaba bituma ibintu bimera neza. Gukoresha ubuhinga bwa reverse osmosis kugira ngo amata ateye akaga ashire hamwe, birashobora gutuma haba iforomaje n’inyama z’ingurube zifise akamaro kanini. Gukuraho utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto twa penisilini mu nyama z’inka hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa reverse osmosis biratuma ibintu biva mu mata bimara igihe kirekire. Iyo ukoresheje ultrafiltration kugira ngo ushiremwo poroteyine y’umunyu, lactose n’ivu na vyo nyene birashobora gukurwamwo icarimwe.
Mu guhingura inzoga, ubuhinga bwa ultrafiltration burashobora gukuraho umusemburo, imigera be n’ibintu bifise amabara asigaye mu nzoga, bigatuma inzoga zirushiriza gutomoka, zigatuma zimara igihe kirekire, kandi zigatuma inzoga zitagira umunyu zigira akamoto gakomeye mu gihe zigabanura igihe co gukura. Inyuma y’ugucungera, uburyohe bw’iyo biriya buratera imbere, bukaba buteye igomwe kandi buryoshe ariko bukaba buteye igomwe kandi bukagumaho. Ubwo buryo kandi burarinda gusenyuka kw’ibihimba vy’umuvurungano bishobora guterwa bitagoranye n’ugutera ubushuhe, bigatuma ibikoresho vyo kuyungurura vyoroha. Inzoga zitunganijwe harimwo umuvinyu, wiski, shochu, sake, n’umuvinyu w’umuceri.
Naho inzoga zikozwe mu mazi ziryoha kuruta inzoga zikozwe mu mazi, ntizishobora kubikwa igihe kirekire, ivyo bikaba bitera ingorane mu bijanye no kuzitwara no kuzigurisha. Gukoresha ubuhinga bwa ultrafiltration mu gucungera inzoga neza kandi zitagiramwo ubumara bituma inzoga zishobora kubikwa igihe kirekire ata gucungera ubushuhe buke-.
Mu bijanye n’ibihingwa vya soya, igikorwa nyamukuru c’ubuhinga bwa membrane ni ugutandukanya no gusubizaho poroteyine. Inyama z’ingurube zikomoka mu gihe c’uguhingura amata y’ingurube, mu bisanzwe zitanga 60% gusa vy’amaproteine. Ugucukura cane, mu gushiramwo poroteyine isigaye, birashobora kwongerera umusaruro wa tofu 20-30%. Ultrafiltration kandi ikuraho ibintu bifise uburemere buke-bitera umunuko w’ibitoke kandi bikagira ico bikoze ku gushikama kw’amata ya soya mu gihe yibanda kuri proteine, gutyo bikaba bituma amata ya soya amera neza.
Gusukura umunyu w’ibitoke mu nganda zikora ibiva muri soya ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu gukingira amazi guhumana. Inyama z’ingurube zirimwo poroteyine zitandukanye zifise uburemere buke-y’amamolekule-, amasakaridi menshi, amapeptide, n’amavuta make. Ultrafiltration irashobora gusubiza no gushiramwo poroteyine ya soya iva mu mfungurwa z’isoya kugira ngo igere ku vyo abantu n’ibitungwa bikeneye. Ikindi, -ibintu vy’amylase birashobora kuronswa.
Ubuhinga bw’imitsi burashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuronka ibirungo bikora neza mu vyo kurya nk’isoflavones za soya, oligosaccharides za soya, isolate ya proteine ya soya, oligopeptides, immunoglobulines, n’amababi y’imibavu.
Mu bijanye n’ibirungo, ibice birenga 80 kw’ijana vy’ivyo bita BOD biri mu mazi mabi asohoka mu mahinguriro y’amasosi biva ku mutobe wo guteka ibitoke vy’isoya. Umutobe wo guteka soya utunganywa mu bice hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwo gucungera amazi. Ivyo bishobora gusubirwamwo nk’amazi yo gukora, kandi ivyo bihimba bishobora gukoreshwa nk’ibikoresho vya mbere vyo gukora.