Ibisobanuro vy'ibicuruzwa
Uruganda rwa gazi kavukire (ruzwi kandi nk’uruganda rwa LNG) ni ibikoresho vyinshi-vyuzuye bifatanya ugusukura gazi kavukire n’uguhindura gazi kavukire mu mazi.
Ingingo ngenderwako yayo ni ugubanza gukuraho ubuhumane (amazi, umwuka w’ikibiriti, ivyuma vy’ikibiriti, ivyuma bikomeye vy’amazi) muri gazi kavukire idasanzwe, hanyuma ugakonjesha gazi yasukuwe ku rugero rwa -162 degrees biciye mu buryo bwo gukonjesha bufise inzira nyinshi kugira ngo uyihindure amazi, ugabanye ubunini bwayo incuro nka 600.
Ishobora gutanga LNG y’ubusuku bwinshi- kandi ni co gikoresho nyamukuru co gutuma gazi kamere ikora kw’isi yose.

Ingingo ngenderwako
Ibikorwa vy’uruganda rwo guhindura gazi kavukire bishobora gusobanurwa mu ncamake nk’intambwe indwi z’ingenzi: gufatanya gazi y’ibitoke → gusukura imbere (gukuraho amazi, gukuraho ikibiriti) → gukuraho ivyuma bikomeye vy’amazi → gukuraho mercury → gukuraho amazi y’amazi → gusohora ibicuruzwa vya LNG
Gufatanya gazi mbisi:Gazi kavukire y’ibitoke (mu bisanzwe iri ku 0.5-5.0 MPa) irafatwa gushika ku 4.0-7.0 MPa biciye ku gikoresho co gufata gazi, bikaba bitanga ivyiyumviro vy’umuvuduko wo gusukura no guhinduka amazi.
Imbere yo gutera (ugukura amazi mu mubiri, gukura ikibiriti):Gaz mbisi ipfutse yinjira mu buryo bwo gusukura imbere y’igihe. Gukura amazi mu mubiri (gukoresha ibisemburo vy’amamolekule) bigabanya amazi ari munsi ya 1 ppm (kugira ngo ntihagire urubura rumera mu gihe c’uguhinduka amazi); gukuraho ikibiriti (gukoresha uburyo bwo gufata canke gufata amine) bikuraho ikibiriti c’amazi n’ikibiriti c’ibinyabuzima, bikagabanya ikibiriti cose kikaja munsi ya 50 ppm (kugira ngo ibikoresho ntibisenyuke n’ubumara bw’ibinyabuzima).
Gukuraho ivyuma bikomeye:Gazi yari yateguwe imbere y’igihe yinjira mu munara w’ugucapura kugira ngo itandukanye ivyuma bikomeye (éthane, propane, butane, n’ibindi) biciye ku gutandukanya ubushuhe, bikaba bituma ivyuma bikomeye biri muri gazi y’ibifungurwa biri munsi ya 0,1% (kugira ngo ntibikomeze mu gihe c’uguhinduka amazi).
Gukuraho merkuri:Gazi ica mu munara w’ugufata mercury (wuzuye sulfure-impregnate activated carbone) kugira ngo igabanye mercury irimwo gushika munsi ya 0.01 ug/Nm3 (kugira ngo ntihagire uburozi bw’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe vy’ivyuma vy’aluminium).
Guhindura amazi mu buryo bukonje:Gazi kavukire yasukuwe yinjira mu buryo bwo guhindura amazi (ubuhinga busanzwe burimwo C3/MRC, AP-X, canke uruzitiro rw’ibikoresho bivanze). Ica mu guhindura ubushuhe n’ikintu gikonjesha gifise ibice vyinshi- (igizwe n’azote, metane, ethane, propane, n’ibindi) mu rutonde rw’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, buhoro buhoro bikakonja kuva ku bushuhe bwo mu karere gushika kuri -162 degrees , bikava kuri gazi bikaja kuri LNG y’amazi.
Ububiko bwa LNG:Gazi kavukire ihinduka amazi ibikwa mu binogo vy’ububiko vy’amazi (ku -162 degrees no hafi y’umuvuduko w’ikirere) kugira ngo bigabanye ukubura kw’umwuka.
Igisohoka c'igicuruzwa:LNG ipompa iva mu binogo vy’ububiko ikaja mu bibanza vyo gushiramwo ibintu, hanyuma igashirwa mu bikoresho bitwara LNG canke mu bikamyo vy’ibitoro kugira ngo bitwarwe. Gazi yahindutse umwuka (BOG, boil-off gas) mu nzira yo kubika irasubirwamwo maze igasubira gufatwa kugira ngo isubire gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo guhindura amazi canke nk’inkwi.

Ibirango nyamukuru vy'uruganda rwa gazi kavukire
Ubusuku burengeye
Ishobora gutanga LNG ifise metane irengeye canke ingana na 99,0%, ifise ubuhumane buke (azote iri munsi canke ingana na 0,5%, carbone dioxide iri munsi canke ingana na 50 ppm) ihuye n’ingingo mfatirwako mpuzamakungu nka EN 1160 na GB2/T041.
01
Ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukora
Ubushobozi bwo gukora umwaka bw’uruganda rumwe buva kuri toni 50.000 gushika kuri toni 10.000.000, bikaba bibereye mu gutanga ibifungurwa mu karere no mu bucuruzi bwo kw’isi yose.
02
Gutakaza umwuka muto
Ubuhinga buteye imbere bwo gukingira umuriro n’uburyo bwo gusubizaho BOG bituma ububiko butakaza umwuka Utari munsi canke ungana na 0,15% ku musi, bikagabanya ubusazi bw’inguvu.
03
Gukuraho ubuhumane bwose
Inzira zo gusukura zikoreshwa mu ntambwe nyinshi-zikuraho ubuhumane bwose bushobora gutera ingorane, zigatuma LNG idashobora gusenyuka kandi ikaba ibereye kubikwa no gutwara igihe kirekire.
04
Inzinguzingu ndende y'ibikorwa
Iyo uruganda rumaze guhagarara neza, rurashobora gukora ubudasiba imyaka 2-3, rukagira igihe co guhagarika ibikorwa kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho nyamukuru nk’ibikoresho bifata umuriro n’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe.
05
Inyungu z'ibicuruzwa vy'ishirahamwe ryacu
Mu bijanye n’ugutera imbere kw’inguvu kw’isi yose, uguhingura neza ni ikintu gihambaye cane kugira ngo uruganda rwa LNG rukore neza, rube rutekanye, kandi rube rwiza. Ishirahamwe ryacu rifise umugwi w’abahinga bafise ubumenyi burenga imyaka 30 mu bijanye no guhindura amazi mu mazi, bamenyereye ingingo mfatirwako mpuzamakungu nka API, ASME, ISO, na EN. Turahindura imigero ishingiye ku mibumbe ya gazi idasanzwe (nk’akarorero, ibirimwo metane, ubwoko bw’ubuhumane) n’urugero rw’ibikorwa, gutuma habaho ugutunganya neza ibipimo vy’ingendo y’ibikonje, imirongo y’uguhindura ubushuhe, n’uburyo bwo gusubizaho BOG kugira ngo turonke ingufu zidasanzwe zikoreshwa ziri munsi canke zingana na 0.3 kWlo average a industry than). Twirinda ibigereranyo bihuye, tukamenya neza ko igiterwa cose gihuye n’imibereho yihariye y’ibifungurwa be n’ivyo bisabwa kugira ngo bivemwo.
Ishirahamwe ryacu rishira mu ngiro bimwe bikomeye uburyo bwo gucunga uburyo ISO9001 n’ingingo ngenderwako ISO14064 zo gucunga umuyagankuba mu kiringo cose c’ubuzima bw’umugambi, bikaba vyerekeye uguhingura, ugutanga, kwubaka, no gutanga. Mu gihe c’uguhingura, kwigana uburyo bwo gukora bigenzura ubushobozi bwo guhindura amazi n’imirongo y’umutekano; ibikoresho nyamukuru (amakompreseri, ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, ibidengeri vyo kubika) bisuzumwa n’uwundi muntu (harimwo n’ugupima umuvuduko n’ugutahura ko hariho amazi asohoka); inyubako ikurikije uburyo bukomeye bwo gusudira imiyoboro y’amazi (n’igerageza rya UT/RT); gutangura gukoresha birimwo amasaha 100-akora ubudasiba kugira ngo hasuzumwe ubusuku bwa LNG, ubushobozi bwo gukora, n’inguvu zikoreshwa. Ubwo buryo butunganye buratuma ivyo bishikirizwa ku gihe kandi bikaba vyubahiriza ibimenyetso vy’imiterere.
Turabona ko uburyo bw’ibicuruzwa ari bwo bushingiro bwo guhingura LNG ataco ihungabanya. Igiterwa cose gica mu nzira y’ubugenzuzi bukomeye bw’uburyo: ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa cryogenic (nk’akarorero, ivyuma bitagira ibara 304L, ivyuma vy’aluminium 5083) bihuye n’ibisabwa vyo gukomera mu bushuhe buke- (ikigeragezo c’ingaruka Kirenze canke kingana na 27 J ku -196℃); ibihimba nyamukuru (amacompresseur, amavalve) biva ku bimenyetso vy’imbere kw’isi bifise ubuzima bw’imyaka irenga canke ingana n’imyaka 20; uruganda rushika ku rugero rwo gutangura rwo kuroranirwa rwo ku rugero rwa 100% no ku rugero rwo gukora rudahinduka rwo ku rugero rwo hejuru canke rungana na 95% (hatarimwo ugusanasana). Turatanga ivyangombwa vyuzuye vy’uburyo, harimwo ivyemezo vy’ibikoresho, raporo z’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa cryogenic, n’ivyemezo vy’umutekano.
Ibikorwa vyiza bituma habaho uguhingura LNG gukomeza kandi ata nkomanzi. Iyo umuntu yaronse ubusabe bw’ibikorwa, ikigo cacu c’abahinga kiratanga inyishu ya mbere mu masaha 12 (24/7) biciye kuri telefone, kuri e-mail canke kuri videwo. Ku bibazo vyo kure (nk’akarorero, gutuma amaparametere agenda neza), turayobora umuti mu masaha 24; ku bikenewe ku-aho hantu, abahinga boherezwa mu masaha 48 (yo mu gihugu) canke amasaha 72 (yo hanze). Turatanga kandi imigambi yo gusanasana ubudasiba (harimwo no gusukura ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe no kwuzuza amafiriji) kugira ngo igihe co guhagarara kigabanuke.
Ishirahamwe ryacu ritanga imigambi ya EPC y’urufunguzo rw’uruganda rw’amazi, hamwe n’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga nk’ugutuma ubuhinga bugenda neza no gutoza abarukoresha. Ku bakiriya basaba gutanga LNG, turatanga uburyo bwo gukorana (co-gushiramwo amahera mu bikorwa no gusangira umusaruro) kugira ngo tugabanye umukazo w’ishoramari ry’intango.
Igereranyo ry'ubuhinga butandukanye bwo guhindura LNG amazi
|
Ubuhinga bwo guhindura LNG amazi |
Ingingo ngenderwako |
Inyungu |
Ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa |
|
C3/MRC (Propane mbere-ikonjejwe n'Ikizunguruko c'Ibikonjesha) |
Propane imbere -ikonjesha gazi, hanyuma ikivanze n’ikintu gikonjesha (N2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8) kigaheza guhinduka amazi |
Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, ubushobozi bwinshi |
Ibiterwa binini - ( Birenze canke bingana na toni miliyoni 2/umwaka) |
|
AP-X (Igikorwa giteye imbere - cagutse) |
MRC yarongerewe n'uruja n'uruza rw'amazi akonjesha, bigabanya ugukoresha inguvu |
Gukoresha inguvu nke, ubushobozi bwinshi |
Ultra-ibiterwa binini cane ( Birengeye canke bingana na toni miliyoni 5/umwaka) vyo gushora hanze |
|
Inzinguzingu y'uruzi |
Inzira zitatu z'ugukonjesha zikoresheje propane, éthylène, na metane |
Ukwizigirwa gukomeye, ibikorwa vyoroshe |
Ibiterwa vy'urugero rwo hagati (50.000-1 miliyoni ya toni/umwaka) |
|
SMR (Igikoresho kimwe co gukonjesha kivanze) |
Igikonjesha kimwe kivanze gishika ku rugero rwo gukonjesha rwose |
Ibikoresho bikomeye, ishoramari rito |
Ibiterwa bitobito - ( Biri munsi canke bingana na toni 500.000/umwaka) vyo gutanga mu karere |
|
LNG ireremba (FLNG) |
Uruganda rwa LNG rwashizwe ku kiyaga, rutunganya gazi yo mu kiyaga |
Nta bikorwa remezo vyo ku butaka bikenewe |
Amatongo ya gazi yo mu kiyaga ari kure y'ubutaka |
Imisoro ishushe: uruganda rwa gaze kavukire, Ubushinwa abahinguzi b'uruganda rwa gaze kavukire, abazitanga, uruganda



