Igisata ca PSA co guhingura ivyuma vy'amazi

Igikoresho ca PSA Co Gukora Ihidrojeni ni ibikoresho vyose bishingiye ku buhinga bwa Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) kugira ngo haboneke Ihidrojeni.

Igikoresho ca PSA Hydrogen gikoreshwa hakoreshejwe ubuhinga buteye imbere bwo gufata amazi. PSA Nitrogen Plant itandukanya gazi y’azote y’ubusuku bwinshi-n’ikirere biciye mu guhinduka kw’inguvu n’ingaruka z’ugufata nk’ivyuma bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba n’ivyuma bifata umuyagankuba. Ingingo ngenderwako y’ibikorwa vyayo ishingiye ku nzira z’ugufata n’ugukuraho umuvuduko, zihindura umuvuduko mu bihe bitandukanye kugira ngo igikoresho gifata umuvuduko gifate Hydrocarbone, carbone dioxide n’ibindi bihumanye kikarekura Hydrogène. Ubu buhinga burashobora gushika ku gukomeza guhingura gaze H2 y’ubusuku bwinshi-, ifise ubusuku bushika kuri 99.999% .

 

Ivyo bikoresho vy’ugufata amazi (PSA) bigizwe n’ibikoresho vyinshi vyuzuye alumina, carbone n’ivyuma vy’amamolekule. Gazi y’ibifungurwa ipfutse ica mu munara w’ugufata amazi ku bushuhe bwa degre 30 C kandi 99-99.999% y’ubusuku H2 ivugwa nk’umuyaga w’igicuruzwa (Ubusuku bw’azote buvana n’ubwoko bw’igisenyi c’amamolekule). Ibihumanye bisohoka nk’umuyagankuba w’umurizo ugasubira mu gitereko c’umuyagankuba w’umurizo. Iyo igitanda c’isengeri ry’amamolekule cuzuye, iyo nzira irahindurwa ikaja ku kindi gitanda biciye ku bikoresho vy’amazi vyikoresha kugira ngo bivemwo amazi. Bikorwa mu gihe umuntu areka igitanda cuzuye kigasubirana biciye mu gukuraho umuvuduko no gusukura gushika ku muvuduko w’ikirere.

Igikoresho ca PSA Hydrogène gifise ahanini intambwe zikurikira:

• Gushiramwo vyihuse, ibikoresho vy’ugutera imbere: Ivyuma vy’ugutera imbere vy’amavalve bizoba vyateguwe imbere y’igihe mw’ihinguriro. Umukiriya akeneye gusa gutunganya ama nozzles no gufatanya ama flanges.

• Gutangura vyihuta-up no Gukora vyoroshe: Ico kibanza gifise ubuto bumwe bwo gutangura/guhagarika/guhagarika, amavalve yose yo gufungura-gufunga azogenzurwa ubwayo.

• Uburyo bwo kugenzura bufise ubwenge: PLC canke DCS zishobora gukoreshwa hakurikijwe igice gigenewe, Gufasha injeniyeri n’umukoresha w’ibarabara ry’uguhindura n’ugucungera kure

• Gukoresha neza inguvu nyinshi, igiciro gito co gukora: PSA ikoresha ubuhinga bwo gufata ibintu, nta n’ikintu gitera canke gushusha bisabwa. Kugabanya ugukoresha inguvu no kugabanya ubuhumane

• Gukora neza. Ni vyiza ku bikorwa vy'igihe kirekire-bikomeza. Ivyuma vy’uburyo n’ibikoresho. Ivyuma bifise ubushuhe buke birashobora gutorwa bishingiye ku bushuhe buri mu karere.

• Gukorana n’umutekano n’ugukurikirana mu buryo burambuye. Ubuhinga bwo kugenzura bufise inkengeri zikoreshwa n’amaso be n’ijwi. Kandi iyo interlock ivyutse, ubuhinga bwo kugenzura buzoca butera iyo unit ubwayo.

• Gutunganya vyoroshe, igihe kirekire co gukoresha: Ubuzima bw’ibikoresho bushobora gushika ku myaka 15-20.

• Urusaku rutoyi: Urusaku ntirurenga decibels 85 (dB) iyo uri ku rugero rwa metero 1 uvuye aho ijwi riva .

• Infashanyo y’ugucuruza inyuma y’-ku gihe.

Mu gihe ca none, aho ugutera imbere kw’ubuhinga ari co kintu nyamukuru gifasha ishirahamwe, ubuhinga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bubereye ni bwo buhambaye cane kugira ngo ibintu bishobore kuroranirwa. Ikora nk’ibuye ry’imfuruka ry’ingenzi ryo kumenya neza ko ibicuruzwa bifise ubushobozi bwiza cane, umutekano mwinshi n’ukwizigirwa, kandi bihuye neza n’ivyo abakiriya bakeneye. Ishirahamwe ryacu ryakoranije umugwi w’abahinga b’abahinga bakuru bo mu bigo bihambaye vyo mu gihugu no mu mahanga mu bikorwa bijanye n’ivyo. Abo bahinga bafise ubumenyi burengeye imyaka 30 mu bijanye n’uguhingura ivyuma vy’amazi, kandi barazi cane ingingo ngenderwako zitandukanye zo mu gihugu no kw’isi yose, harimwo ingingo ngenderwako z’igihugu c’Ubushinwa, ASME, API, DIN, EN, GOST, na TRCU. Mwene ukwo kwirundanira kw’abahinga gukomeye be n’ubumenyi bwinshi biratanga infashanyo ikomeye kandi yizigirwa y’ubuhinga kugira ngo imigambi itere imbere neza. Mu nzira yo guhingura, dukora ibikorwa vyo guhingura bishingiye ku bisabwa n’abaguzi be n’ingingo mfatirwako z’igihugu zijanye n’ivyo. Biciye mu gusesangura no guhingura ibintu mu buryo bwimbitse, turashobora gushitsa bimwe bishitse ivyo abakiriya batandukanye bakeneye. Turaheba imipaka y’akarorero kamwe k’umugambi maze tugakora umugambi utunganijwe ku mugambi wose. Mu guhingura, turatahura cane ivya nkenerwa nyamukuru vy’abaguzi, ntitwihatira gusa gushitsa neza ivyo abakoresha biteze ariko kandi turondera kubirenga, tukazana ubumenyi bw’abaguzi ku bicuruzwa birenze ivyo biteze.

Mu bijanye n’uburongozi bw’umugambi mu buryo bushitse, ishirahamwe ryacu ryama rifata ingingo ngenderwako z’uburongozi bw’umugambi ISO9001 nk’ingingo ngenderwako nyamukuru, rishiraho uburongozi bushitse bujanye n’ibintu vyose vy’ingenzi vy’umugambi kuva ku guhingura umugambi gushika ku gushikirizwa kw’iherezo, gushinga umushinge ukomeye w’uburyo bw’umugambi. Icigwa co guhingura ni intango y’ugutera imbere kw’umugambi. Igisata kijejwe guhingura ibintu kizoshushanya neza ibishushanyo vy’ukuri kandi gitegure imigambi y’ubuhinga n’ubuhinga bubereye, ifatanijwe cane n’ibisabwa kugira ngo bimenyekane neza. Kugira ngo umugambi w’umugambi ube uwutagiramwo ubupfu, abahinga bakuru canke imigwi y’abahinga bazokora igenzura ry’umugambi mu buryo burambuye kandi mu buryo burambuye biciye mu buryo bukomeye nk’igenzura ry’umusaraba-n’igenzura ry’imibare, ata ngorane zishobora kuba ziri mu buryo burambuye. Igenzura ry’ibintu biza ni ryo rya mbere ry’ukwikingira kugira ngo umugambi ube mwiza, kandi igisata c’uburyo kigira inshingano zihambaye. Bazosuzuma neza ibikoresho vya mbere n’ibihimba vyaguzwe canke vyarungitswe hanze kimwe kimwe bihuye cane n’ingingo mfatirwako z’ubuhinga, bakuremwo ibikoresho bidakwiriye kwinjira mu nzira y’uguhingura aho biva. Uburyo bwo gushitsa ubuhinga bwo gutunganya ibintu buragira ico bukoze ata guca ku ruhande ku buryo bw’iherezo bw’ibintu. Turakoresha uburyo bwo gukora busanzwe (SOPs) kugira ngo tugaragaze neza intambwe z’ibikorwa, ingingo nyamukuru z’ibikorwa, n’ibisabwa vy’imirongo yihariye, bituma abakoresha bagira amategeko yo gukurikiza. Muri ico gihe nyene, biciye mu gusuzuma neza indero y’ibikorwa, turabona ko ivyo bisabwa bishirwa mu ngiro neza mu bikorwa vy’ukuri, tukirinda ingorane z’uburyo ziterwa n’ibikorwa bitabereye. Uburyo bwo gusudira ni ikintu gihambaye cane ku buryo bw’umugambi, kandi dufata uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura kugira ngo tugenzure neza. Gutangura n’icemezo c’ubushobozi bwo gusudira kugira ngo abakozi bajejwe gusudira bagire ubuhinga buhuye; gukora Ivyigwa vy’Uburyo bwo Gusudira (WPS/PQR) kugira ngo haboneke urufatiro rwa siyansi rw’uburyo bwo gusudira; real-igihe co kugenzura ibipimo vy’uburyo bwo gusudira kugira ngo bitunganye ku gihe no gutuma uburyo bwo gusudira bugenda neza; gukoresha ubuhinga bwo kugerageza butashobora gusenyura (nk’Igerageza ry’Ultrasonic-UT, Igerageza ry’Amaradiyo-RT, Igerageza ry’Ivyinjira -PT, Igerageza ry’Ibice vy’Imagneti{s 19}}MT) n’isuzuma ry’amaso kugira ngo umenye neza uburyo bwo gusudira, igice c’ugusudira. Igerageza ry’umuvuduko ni urufatiro ruhambaye rwo kugenzura ubushobozi bw’ibice canke uburyo bw’umugambi bw’umuvuduko-. Turakurikiza cane ibisabwa n’igihugu n’ivy’abaguzi, dukoresheje ibikoresho vy’agaciro kugira ngo tugenzure neza ibihimba canke uburyo bufise umukazo-, twiyemeze neza ko ubukomezi bwavyo n’ubukomezi bwavyo bihuye n’ibisabwa mu guhingura, kandi tugatanga icemezo co kwizigirwa c’uko umugambi uzogenda neza kandi ushikamye. Uwo murongo utunganijwe kandi ufise inyandiko ugenda mu kiringo cose c’ubuzima bw’umugambi, ukaba ushiramwo ivyigwa bitandukanye vy’umwuga. Ikurikiza neza ibisabwa nyamukuru vya ISO9001, harimwo uburyo bwo gukora, ivyiyumviro bishingiye ku kaga-, n’ugukomeza gutera imbere. Biciye mu gukorana neza no kugenzura neza uruja n’uruza rwose, biratuma umugambi utera imbere ubudasiba, intumbero z’uburyo zishikwako neza, n’ugushitsa neza ivyo wisezeraniye abakiriya.

Turabona ko uburyo bw’ibicuruzwa ari co kintu nyamukuru gifasha mu guteza imbere ishirahamwe, kandi twihatira kubashikiriza ibikoresho bitagira agasembwa. Kuva umugambi utanguye, igikoresho cose kirategurwa bihuye cane n’ubuhinga n’ubuhinga bukomeye bw’umugwi w’abahinga mu bijanye n’uguhingura ibintu be n’uburyo bwo gucunga umugambi butunganijwe. Mu gihe c’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, umugambi wo guhingura uraca mu bice vyinshi vy’iyerekanwa n’ugutegura mu buryo burambuye kandi bikomeye; mu gihe cose c’uguhingura, hakorwa isuzuma ry’ukuri ry’uburyo n’ukugenzura mu buryo burambuye. Turatanga icemezo c’uko igipimo c’ibicuruzwa vy’iherezo bishikirizwa ari 100%, kandi ko ikintu cose gishobora kwihanganira isuzuma rikomeye. Ikintu gihambaye cane ni uko twemera neza ubudasa bw’ivyo abakiriya bakeneye. Igishushanyo c'igicuruzwa giheba ubunini bumwe--bujanye n'ivyo vyose kandi gihindurwa bivanye n'ivyo ukoresha n'ivyo usaba. Ukwo kwiyemeza gukomeye ku bijanye n’uburyo n’ugutahura neza ivyo abakiriya bakeneye vyatumye ibintu vyacu vyizigirwa kandi bishimagizwa n’ababikoresha benshi.

Inyishu yihuta ni ikintu nyamukuru co gutuma ubucuruzi bw’abaguzi bugenda neza. Iyo ushizeho ubusabe bw’ibikorwa, duca duca dukoresha uburyo bwo gutanga inyishu busanzwe. Utitaye ko ari mu masaha asanzwe y’akazi, umugwi w’abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga uzotanga inyishu z’abahinga biciye ku guhamagara kuri telefone, kuri email, canke ku nzira zagenewe mu kiringo c’igice c’umusi inyuma yo kwakira amakuru usaba. Ivyo bisubizo birimwo ugusobanura ibisabwa, guca urubanza rw’intango ku ngorane, uburyo bwo gutorera umuti, n’umugambi wo gukurikirana-uguteza imbere. Iyo urubanza rw’intango rwerekana ko hariho ubufasha bw’ubuhinga bwo ku kibanza bukenewe, turasezerana ko tuzotunganya abahinga mu musi umwe tumaze kwemeza ivyo bisabwa. Mu kwubaka uburyo bwo gutegura ibikorwa vy’ubwenge no gukomeza gutuma uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga n’inzira zo gutanga inyishu bigenda neza, turashobora kurangiza gushiramwo ibisabwa n’ubushobozi bwiza, haba ari uguhanahana amakuru mu buryo busanzwe canke ugusanura vyihutirwa. Twiyemeje kugabanya igihe abakiriya barindiriye, gutorera umuti neza ingorane ziboneka, no gukora uko dushoboye kwose kugira ngo ubucuruzi bubandanye.

Twararonse ukwizigirwa n’ibigo vyinshi bihambaye mu bikorwa bitandukanye kw’isi yose, kandi ibintu vyacu vyinjiye mw’isoko mpuzamakungu bifise ukwizigirwa kwiza cane. Mu bijanye n’ivyuma, ArcelorMittal yarashizeho ubucuti buhamye bw’ubufatanye natwe; mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa peteroli, Sibur imaze igihe kirekire ihitamwo ibikoresho vyacu; muri ico gihe nyene, ishirahamwe ry’ubutunzi ryo muri Aziya Pasifike (APRIL) na Barrick Gold na vyo nyene vyacitse abafatanyabikorwa bacu bahambaye.

Ishirahamwe ryacu rifise uburyo bwo gukora ubucuruzi buhinduka kandi butandukanye. Ntidushobora gusa guha abakiriya PSA Unit For Hydrogen Production biciye mu kugurisha ariko kandi dufata uburyo bwo gutanga gazi ku kibanza-dushiramwo amahera y’ibikoresho kandi tugatanga hydrogen ku bakiriya, tugafasha abakiriya guhuza neza imigambi y’ishoramari bivanye n’ivyo bakeneye vy’ukuri.

Imisoro ishushe: psa igice co gukora ihydrogène, Ubushinwa psa igice co gukora hydrogène abahinguzi, abagurisha, uruganda