Ibisobanuro vy'ibicuruzwa
Uruganda rukora amoniya y’icatsi kibisi rwerekeza ku kigo gikora amoniya gikoresheje ihydrogène iva mu guhindura amazi (ikoreshwa n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo) n’azote iva mu gutandukanya ikirere, kandi iyo nzira yose ikaba isohora hafi-zero carbone dioxide. Ubusuku bw’ivyo bikoresho burarengeye 99,8%, bukaba buhuye n’ingingo mfatirwako z’inganda n’uburimyi.
Uruganda rwa Hydrogen Ammonia ni igikoresho nyamukuru co gukora amoniya y’umuyagankuba muto, gifise ubushobozi bw’igice kimwe kuva ku rugero ruto - (amatoni 50/umwaka) rwo gukwiragiza gushika ku rugero runini-rwo gukoreshwa mu nganda. Ikoreshwa cane mu bikorwa nk'uguhingura ifumbire, amavuta meza, kubika inguvu, no gukora imiti.
Green Ammonia Plant (izwi kandi nk’ibikoresho vyo gukora amoniya bishobora gusubirwamwo) ni ibikoresho vyuzuye bifatanya ubuhinga bwo guhindura amazi n’umuyagankuba, gutandukanya umuyaga, n’ugukora amoniya bishingiye ku nguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo. Ingingo yayo nyamukuru ni ugukoresha umuyagankuba w’icatsi kibisi (izuba, umuyaga, amazi, n’ibindi) kugira ngo amazi agabanukemwo ihydrogène na oxygène biciye mu gukoresha electrolyse, atandukanye azote n’ikirere, hanyuma akore amoniya mu bushuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi biciye mu nzira ya Haber-Bosch. Ishobora gutanga amoniya y’umuyagankuba mutoyi kandi ni igikoresho nyamukuru co gukuraho umuyagankuba mu nganda zikora amoniya.
Ingingo ngenderwako
Ivyo uruganda rukora amoniya y’icatsi kibisi rukora bishobora gusobanurwa mu ncamake nk’intambwe zitandatu z’ingenzi: gutanga inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo → gukoresha umuyagankuba w’amazi → gusukura amazi → gutandukanya umuyaga kugira ngo ubone azote → gukora amoniya → gusukura ibintu no kubibika
Inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo:Amashanyarazi ava mu bikoresho bishobora gusubirwamwo (PV y’izuba, amashanyarazi y’umuyaga, n’ibindi) arahungabana biciye mu buryo bwo kubika inguvu canke mu gukorana n’uruzitiro kugira ngo haboneke isoko y’amashanyarazi igumaho yo guhindura amazi.
Amazi akoreshwa n'umuyagankuba:Amazi asukuye (amazi atagira iyoni) yinjira mu gikoresho gikora umuyagankuba (alkaline, PEM, canke ubwoko bw’ivyuma bikomeye), aho agabanywamwo ihydrogène (H2) n’oxygène (O2) bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba. Ubusuku bw’iyi hydrogène muri iyi ntambwe ni 99,97% ~ 99,999%.
Gusukura ihydrogène:Ihidrojeni mbisi iva mu gukoresha umuyagankuba irasukurwa kandi kugira ngo ikureho ubuhumane (nk’ubukonje, umwuka, n’ibihimba) biciye mu gufata umuyagankuba (PSA) canke mu gutandukanya uruzitiro, igashika ku busuku burenze canke bungana na 99,999% kugira ngo ntihagire ubumara bw’ibinyabuzima bitera ubumara mu gukora.
Gutandukanya umuyaga kubera azote:Umuyaga wo mu kirere urafatwa, ugakonjeshwa, ugasukurwa, hanyuma ugatandukanywamwo azote y’ubusuku bwinshi- ( Irengeye canke ingana na 99.999%) biciye mu gutandukanya umuyaga w’amazi (cryogenic distillation) canke mu gutandukanya ivyuma (membrane separation), ivyo bikaba vyumwa bigaterwa umukazo kugira ngo bikorerwe.
Ivyiyumviro vy'amoniya:Ihidrojeni n’azote vyasukuwe (mu kigereranyo ca 3:1) birafatwa ku 15 ~ 30 MPa, bikashushwa gushika ku 350 ~ 500 degrees , hanyuma bikaja mu gikoresho co gukora ivyuma gifise ivyuma- canke ruthenium-. Muri ivyo bihe, zikorana zigahingura amoniya (N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3), zifise igipimo co guhindura -ca rimwe gusa c’ibice 10% ~ 20%. Ivyo bidukikije bitagira ico bihinduye birasubirwamwo kugira ngo bikore neza.
Gusukura ibicuruzwa no kubibika:Gazi y’ugukora (irimwo ~15% ya amoniya) irakonjeshwa kugira ngo amoniya ihinduke amazi, hanyuma igatandukanywa igasukurwa gushika ku busuku burengeye canke bungana na 99,8%. Amoniya y’amazi ibikwa mu bikoresho vy’umuvuduko (ku -33℃munsi y’umuvuduko w’ikirere canke 1,7 MPa ku bushuhe bwo mu karere) kugira ngo itwarwe canke ikoreshwe.
Ibirango nyamukuru vy'uruganda rwo guhingura amoniya y'icatsi kibisi
Ubuzima buramba bw'umuyagankuba muto-
Ivyo vyose bikoresha inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo kandi ntibikoreshwa n’ibitoro, bikaba bituma hafi -zero CO2 isohoka (mu bisanzwe<0.1 ton CO₂ per ton ammonia, compared to 1.8 ~ 2.8 tons for conventional plants).
01
Ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya
Ubuhinga bwo gukora igice kimwe -buva kuri toni 50/umwaka (ubuhinga buto buto) gushika kuri toni 500.000/umwaka (ibikorwa binini vy’inganda), bikaba bihuye n’ivyo umuntu asaba bigabanywa n’ivyo asaba ahantu hamwe.
02
Ubusuku bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa
Ubusuku bwa amoniya burashika ku rugero rwo hejuru canke rungana na 99,8%, n’ibipimo vy’ubusuku burengeye canke bingana na 99,99%) bishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa vy’umwihariko (nk’akarorero, gutera umuriro mu bikoresho bifise umuriro).
03
Ububiko bw'inguvu buhuye
Ishobora gukorana n’amashanyarazi y’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo kugira ngo ikoreshe uguhinduka, ihindure amashanyarazi arenze urugero mu amoniya nk’ivyo gutwara inguvu.
04
Inzinguzingu ndende y'ibikorwa
Iyo imaze guhagarara neza, uruganda rurashobora gukora ubudasiba imyaka 1 ~ 2, rukagira igihe co guhagarara kugira ngo rusubirizwe ivyuma bitera umuriro n’ugusanasana.
05
Inyungu z'ibicuruzwa vy'ishirahamwe ryacu
Mu gihe c’iterambere ry’umuyagankuba muto-, uguhingura ibintu vyiza ni ngirakamaro kugira ngo haboneke uburinganire bw’ubushobozi n’ubuzima buramba. Ishirahamwe ryacu rigizwe n’abahinga bafise ubumenyi burenga imyaka 25 mu bijanye no gukora amoniya no gukorana n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, bamenyereye ingingo mfatirwako mpuzamakungu nka ISO, ASME, IEC, na REACH. Turahindura imigero ishingiye ku bikenewe n’abaguzi (nk’akarorero, ubwoko bw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, ubushobozi, n’ubusuku) n’ibintu vyo mu karere (nk’akarorero, ikirere, ugushikama kw’uruzitiro), gutuma habaho uguhuza kw’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi-, uburyo bwo gusubiza ubushuhe, n’ibipimo vyo gusubira gukoresha gazi kugira ngo ingufu zikoreshwe neza cane kuva kuri Grequaral% gushika kuri eV canke L5). umuyagankuba ukaja muri amoniya). Twirinda ibigereranyo bihuye, tukamenya neza ko igiterwa cose gihuye n’intumbero zihariye zo gukuraho ivyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Turashira mu ngiro ata guca ku ruhande ingingo ngenderwako za ISO9001 na ISO14001 mu kiringo cose c’ubuzima bw’umugambi, zikaba zirimwo uguhingura, ugutanga amasoko, ubwubatsi, n’ugushira mu ngiro. Mu gihe c’uguhingura, ivyigwa vy’imigenderanire biragenzura ubushobozi n’umutekano; ibihimba nyamukuru (ibikoresho bikoresha umuyagankuba, ibikoresho bikoresha umuyagankuba, ibikoresho bitera umuyagankuba) biva ku bacuruzi bemerewe kandi bikagenzurwa bikomeye bishika; ubwubatsi bukurikira SOPs zitunganijwe neza, n’ibikoresho bihambaye vyo gusudira n’ibikoresho vy’umuvuduko bisuzumwa biciye ku bipimo vya UT, RT, n’ivy’amazi; gukoresha birimwo amasaha 100-igerageza ry’ibikorwa bikomeza kugira ngo hamenyekane umusaruro, ubusuku, n’ibisohoka. Ubwo buryo butunganye buratuma habaho uburyo buhoraho kandi bushikirizwa ku gihe.
Turashira imbere uburyo nk'umushinge w'ukwizigirwa kw'umuyagankuba muto-. Igiterwa cose kirageragezwa mu ntambwe nyinshi: ubushobozi bw’umuyagankuba mu gihe c’imitwaro itandukanye, ugukomeza igikorwa c’umuyagankuba mu masaha 1.000, n’ugushikama kw’uruzitiro rw’ugukora mu gihe c’uguhinduka kw’umuvuduko. Ibice nyamukuru (nk’akarorero, ibirundo vy’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vya PEM) bifise ubuzima bw’amasaha arenga canke angana na 60.000, kandi ibikoresho bitera umuriro (bishingiye kuri ruthenium-) bigumya igikorwa kirenze canke kingana na 80% mu myaka 5 ~ 8. Turatanga icemeza ko igipimo c’ukuboneka kw’uruganda kirenze canke kingana na 90% (hatarimwo ugucungera) kandi tugatanga ivyemezo vy’uburyo bwose, n’igipimo c’ubushobozi bw’uruganda c’100%.
Servisi nziza ituma haba uguhingura kw'umuyagankuba muto -udahagarara. Iyo umuntu yaronse ubusabe bw’ibikorwa, ikigo cacu c’abahinga kiratanga inyishu ya mbere mu masaha 12 (24/7) biciye kuri telefone, kuri e-mail canke kuri videwo. Ku bibazo biri kure-bishobora gutorwa umuti (nk'akarorero, guhindura imirongo y'ibikorwa), tuyobora umuti mu masaha 48; ku bikenewe ku-aho hantu, abahinga boherezwa mu masaha 72 (mu gihugu) canke imisi 5 (mu mahanga). Turatanga kandi imigambi yo kwirinda gusanasana n’ibikorwa vyo gusubirira ivyuma bitera umuriro kugira ngo igihe co guhagarara kigabanuke.
Ibigo vyacu vyizigirwa n’ibigo bihambaye mu bijanye n’ivy’umuyagankuba muto, harimwo ifumbire, inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, ububiko bw’inguvu n’imiti y’uburimyi, vyerekana ko bishobora kwizigirwa mu bikorwa vyinshi-.
Turatanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gukorana: ugurisha ibikoresho (imigambi y’ugukorana n’abandi), gukorana n’abandi (gusangira ishoramari n’ugukoresha), n’amasezerano yo gutanga amoniya (turafise kandi tukakoresha amahinguriro, tugurisha amoniya ku bici- ro twemeranije). Ivyo bituma abakiriya bahitamwo bishingiye ku mutungo, ubushobozi bw'ubuhinga, n'ingene bazokora igihe kirekire-.
Kugereranya uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora amoniya
|
Uburyo bwo gukora amoniya |
Ingingo ngenderwako |
Inyungu |
Ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa |
|
Uruganda rwo guhingura amoniya y'icatsi kibisi |
Ivyuma bishobora gusubirwamwo-ikoreshwa n'umuyagankuba + Haber{2}}Ivyuma vya Bosch |
Hafi y'-zero ibidukikije biva mu bidukikije, ibikoresho vya mbere biramvye |
Ifumbire y'umuyagankuba muto-, igitoro c'icatsi kibisi, ububiko bw'inguvu |
|
Igiterwa gisanzwe c'amoniya (amoniya y'imvi) |
Gazi kavukire ihindura umuyagankuba + Haber{1}}Ivyuma vya Bosch |
Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, igiciro gito c'imbere |
Amoniya y'inganda nini (ifumbire ya kera, imiti) |
|
Igiterwa c'amoniya y'ubururu |
Amoniya y'imvi + gufata no kubika carbone (CCS) |
Ivyuka biva mu bidukikije bike kurusha amoniya y'imvi, ikoresha ibikorwa remezo biriho |
Inzira y'inzira y'amazi -amoniya y'umuyagankuba (ugutanga amashanyarazi, amavuta yo gutwara) |
|
Uguhingura amoniya y'ibinyabuzima |
Ugushiramwo azote y'imigera (nk'akarorero, cyanobacteria) |
Ibintu bishobora gusubirwamwo, bimeze neza |
Urugero ruto -, amoniya yihariye (uburimyi bw'ibinyabuzima, imiti y'ibinyabuzima) |
|
Igikoresho c'umuyagankuba |
N2 + H2O ihindura umuyagankuba ku NH3 |
Inzira yoroshe, ibidukikije |
Ikoranabuhanga rishasha (R&D, ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga) |
Imisoro ishushe: uruganda rwo gukora amoniya y'icatsi kibisi, Ubushinwa abahinguzi b'uruganda rwo gukora amoniya y'icatsi kibisi, abaguzi, uruganda